• A study of fruit flies bred in the lab shows that they may actually evolve to modulate their reproductive traits based on the extent of                 competitiveness of their competing males.
• This study of 150 generations of fruit flies, spanning about six years, shows how the environment can influence evolution of                    reproductive traits.

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• Over several generations, males actually evolve to modulate their reproductive investment based on their perception of the number and quality of the competition.
• The flies are maintained on a 14-day life cycle every generation. Therefore, one generation corresponds to 14 days, and 150 generations corresponds to 2,100 days, which is approximately six years